Thread by @ManuelPeitsch

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 1/10. First, let’s be cautious about over interpretation of single studies. As always, the quantification of harm/risk reduction in humans cannot be derived from any single study, but needs an analysis of the totality of the evidence for a given product.

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 2/10. Second, definitive quantification of harm/risk reduction will come from population-level studies, including epidemiology, that take into account product use behaviors.

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 3/10. Nevertheless, this in vivo study provides some insights into this legitimate question. Let’s consider the following background facts and observations:

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 4/10. Apoe-/- mice were exposed to the human equivalent of 30 cigs/day. E-vapor groups were matched on a nicotine basis, or on the e-vapor TPM basis if nicotine was absent (Slide 8). Exposure equivalence was verified by nicotine metabolites (Slide 22 bottom right).

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 5/10. Importantly, Biomarkers of Exposure to toxicants were, as always, coherent with their respective levels of emissions.
Taking 4&5 into account, we made the following observations in the lung (6) and cardiovascular system (7):

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 6/10.
1.The biological impact factors of all mechanisms affected by smoke are reduced by >95% in e-vapor exposed animals (slide 11).
2.This is coherent with cell and tissue changes (slide 10), and reflects the differences in molecular inflammation markers (slide 10).

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 7/10.
1.Atherosclerotic plaque growth rate was reduced by >80% (slide 13).
2.Gene exp. changes in heart and aorta reduced by >95% (slide 14).
3.Arterial stiffness stat signif reduced, but by ~20%: This is the differential between smoke and nicotine effects (slide 15).

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 8/10. Taken together, these results show differences in biological effects that are coherent with:
A. The difference in toxicant emissions between the tested e-vapors and smoke.
B. The vascular effect of nicotine.

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 9/10. The results are also consistent with:
1.Previous e-vapor studies: see ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30849254; ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30835057.
2.Previous studies with #heatnotburn platforms: see ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30763686; ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225756; and related papers.

@Clive_Bates @PMIScience 10/10. In summary: the reduced emission of toxicants leads to a coherent exposure reduction, which in turn leads to a coherent reduction in health effects. Completely in line with basic law of toxicology [Paracelsus (1493-1541)].