thread of threads of mine from 2018 i'd like to highlight. (^_^)
keep in mind usual: evolution can be recent, rapid, local, is def ongoing. the forces of evolution are: mutation, selection, (gene) migration, and genetic drift. the viscosity of pops matters wrt kin selection. 1/n
keep in mind usual: evolution can be recent, rapid, local, is def ongoing. the forces of evolution are: mutation, selection, (gene) migration, and genetic drift. the viscosity of pops matters wrt kin selection. 1/n
core europe. where bipartite manorialism/communal field systems were present during middle ages. significance: along w/small families+low cuz marriage rates, produced pops w/very low viscosity. individuals interacted with/married non-kin more than kin. 2/n
bipartite manorialism pushed for nuclear families in nw europe and did so early. by the 800s tenants on manors in france were living in nuclear families. significance: nw euros have worked/cooperated more w/non-kin than other pops have for 1000+ years. 3/n
a main feature of bipartite manorialism was the communal fields system. altho each tenant had their own "farm," their holdings were dispersed across communal fields. result: tenants had to work together in planning, etc., for the best results. 4/n
bipartite manorialism and communal field systems were found in The Central Province in england, and these seems to have originated in mercia. this is "core" england, i.e. where you find the most outbred, nuclear familied, manorialized of the british. 5/n
in france, the bipartite manorialism+communal fields system was found mainly in the northeast in what had once been the kingdom of austrasia which is where bipartite manorialism originated. northeast france is "core" france. 6/n
as early as the sixteenth century, writers commented on the differences in behaviors between the manorialized and non-manorialized subpopulations in england. the latter were "stubborn and uncivil" and "care[d] for nobody." 7/n
like britain and france, the netherlands is also a nw euro nation divided into manorialized and non-manorialized subpops. the frisians in the north/coastal areas *never* experienced bipartite manorialism and were literally clannish until quite late. 8/n
otoh, subpops of southern netherlands (like holland) migrated out of the manorialized areas beginning in the 11th century. these were individuals from outbred, small family, manorialized pops, who then became independent homesteaders in holland. 9/n
perhaps connected, researchers have found that the northern dutch are more inbred than the southern dutch, as well as discovering regional variations in frequencies of certain alleles related to the brain in the country due to selection. 10/n
overlooked by most, even those thinking about potential diffs in avg traits btwn euro pops, are the migrations of the *high* middle ages, esp. across central europe (germany) and iberian peninsula. recall migration is one of the forces of evolution. 11/n
in russia manorialism arrived late (early modern period) and was never bipartite but, rather, rent-based. extended families were the norm in the manorialized regions of russia (black soil region). manor system pushed *for* extended families in russia. 12/n
extended families were the norm among these russian peasants from the manorialized zones well into the nineteenth century, even after many moved to urban areas. significance: russian subpop from the black soil region was quite viscous for centuries. 13/n
otoh, *nuclear* families were the norm in northern russia from late 1400s to early 1600s (when there was a shift, albeit incomplete, to extended families). they did not have any sort of manor system, tho. but they did have the novgorod *republic.* 14/n
because the reconquista of the iberian peninsula happened in stages over an extended period of time, it left in its wake vast regional bands in which family types and socioeconomic structures differed quite dramatically from one another for centuries. 15/n
john hajnal found that southern spaniards were outside of his line (i.e. married early and near universally), but that was because they were jornaleros with no property to inherit so there were no incentives to wait. 16/n
most of spain, however, had nuclear families for centuries, i.e. in that way it's a pop of low viscosity. otoh spain never had bipartite manorialism/communal field systems like nw euro pops. i don't yet know how much cooperation btwn non-kin they had. 17/n
here you can see the origins of the reconquista pops - north to south, basically. this is population structure. i would bet one would *also* find east-west bands of diffs in behavioral traits, tho, thanks to the stages of the reconquista (see above). 18/n
meanwhile, in china: "[T]here is no historical rupture in family or marriage practices in China comparable to those associated with Christianity in the West." 19/n
and in japan, the shift to nuclear families happened late, beginning in the 1600s. this shift originated in kinai where a sort of manor system based on nuclear families arose (altho i don't know if there were communal fields). osaka is in kinai. 20/n
shifting gears, here's a thread on "The Matrilineal Belt" in africa that was popular. spread of cattle raising seems to have led to the loss of matrilieality in african pops, but since tsetse-fly is endemic in this belt, cattle raising isn't possible. 21/n
here's a long thread on boyd-bowman's "Patterns of Spanish Emigration to the New World (1493-1580)" (files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED099…) 22/n
and a bit more on boyd-bowman's work. 23/n
and a thread on one of my favorite books, amos rapoport's House Form and Culture. 24/n
wrapping things up here... 25/n
and, finally... 26/26
