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December 1943, the Germans demand that Tunisia Chief Rabbi Haim Bellaiche dissolve Jewish institutions and ordered the Rabbi to provide Jewish workers for the Axis forces. By this time, Germans had notified the Vichy & Tunisian authorities that Tunisia Jews are now Nazi subjects. 
Two days later, the Jewish leaders supplied a list of 2,500 Jews, including my grandparents; only 128 Jews showed up for work. The Germans conducted a sweep of the Jewish neighborhood of Tunis and sent the Jews they captured to a camp at Cheylus.
At the same time, the SS arrested 100 Jewish community leaders in the Tunis community headquarters, forcing them to provide Jewish workers for forced labor. 5,000 Tunisian Jewish men were conscripted for 40 detention camps and forced labor camps. My grandparents among them.
These camps were run by both the Germans and the Italians; the most important one was the military port at Bizerte, under German control. Conditions in the camps were awful, particularly those run by the Germans.
700 Tunisian Jews were killed in the Holocaust.
700 Tunisian Jews were killed in the Holocaust.
