Thread by @john_damianosMD

Foods in our #diet can alter the pro-inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory milieu of the intestinal #microbiome.

See 🧵 below for the findings!

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#GITwitter #GI #gut #nutrition

gut.bmj.com/content/early/…

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Breads, legumes, fish and nuts⬇️several pro-inflammatory pathways:
🫓⬇️pathogenic growth factors & endotoxins
🫓⬇️ pathogenic E. coli, Bacteroides fragilis, parabacerioides
🫓⬆️ammonia detoxification pathway

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Nuts, oily fish, fruit, vegetables & cereals ⬆️short-chain fatty acid producers
🫑⬆️Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, roseburia hominis, and more

Bacteria ferment fiber and pectins to acetate and butyrate.

SCFAs have anti-inflammatory effects on the mucosa!

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Red #wine ⬆️ several beneficial acetate & butyrate (SCFA) producers: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium hallii, Ruminococcus obeum, Ruminococcus lactaris, Anaerostipes hadrus and Alistipes putredinis but ⬇️ Bifidobacterium

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Alcohol (spirits specifically) and sugar intake ⬆️ quinone synthesis pathways

⚠️The quinone pathway is ⬆️ in #IBD

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Vegetables ⬇️ quinone pathway!

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#Coffee ⬆️ Oscillibacter abundance

🦠Oscillobacter may ⬇️ pathogenic bacteria in the #gut!

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Fermented #dairy (buttermilk, yogurt) ⬆️ lactic acid bacteria & fermentation of pyruvate to butanediol.

These are SCFA producers and may have anti-cancer activity.

Plant-based food consumption ⬆️ synthesis and conversion of essential nutrients by the gut microbiota
🥦⬆️ SCFA
🥦⬆️thiamine
🥦⬆️biotin
🥦⬆️flavin
🥦⬆️vitamin B6
🥦⬆️L-ornithine
🥦⬆️sugar degradation

Plant-derived and animal-derived foods and nutrients show inverse taxonomical associations
🍅Animals ⬆️Firmicutes, plants and carbs⬇️
🍅Plant protein & bread ⬆️ Bifidobacterium, animal foods including cheese and fish⬇️ (except for B. dentium which is ⬆️ with animal products)

Animal products ⬆️Erysipelotrichaceae, Ruminococcus species of the Blautia genus and Streptococcus species, while plants ⬇️

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Fast food ⬆️ Blautia, Lachnospiraceae bacteria and Clostridium bolteae

⬆️ Parabacteroides johnsonii, Lactobacillus sakei, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_1_57FAA and Ruminococcus

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Fast food ⬆️ intestinal inflammation (measured by fecal calprotectin) .

So do diets high in fatty meat, potatoes and gravy.

Fish, nuts, bread, and legumes ⬇️ fecal calprotectin

TAKEHOMES!
🍅Legumes, breads, fish and nuts⬇️opportunistic bacteria, pathways for the synthesis of endotoxins & inflammatory markers in💩 – these things are implicated in #IBD, and #coloncancer

🍅Nuts, oily fish, fruits, vegetables, cereals and red wine⬆️anti-inflammatory SCFA-producing Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Eubacterium species

SCFAs are associated with ⬇️ #IBD risk!

☕️Coffee is associated with good bacteria and inhibition of inflammatory pathways!

🍷Red wine⬆️good SCFA bacteria BUT alcohol in general⬆️pro-inflammatory 🔥 pathways and endotoxin production!

🥓Fatty foods ⬆️ upper GI tract bacteria (while plants ⬇️). These bacteria are associated with #IBD, #liver cirrhosis, #coloncancer & multiple autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

⬆️fat:carb ratio ⬆️intestinal pH ▶️ overgrowth of these bac actors! 🦠

🍔Fast food is very pro-inflammatory 🔥 and ⬆️ bacteria and pathways associated with obesity and various autoimmune diseases.

⬆️mucolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus gnavus, Akkermansia muciniphila & Proteobacteria)⬆️production of endotoxins & induction of TH17 ▶️ ⬆️gut permeability

A high sugar, high-fat #diet ⬆️ intestinal inflammation, while plants ⬇️ inflammation.

⚠️⬆️sugar⬇️vegetable diet is associated with the development of #IBD.

Here is a summary of food groups and their bacterial associations!

Summary: a diet to enrich the #microbiome and overall health features
⬆️vegetables, legumes, fruits, and nuts
⬆️plants, ⬇️animals (but with preference for fermented dairy and fish)
⬇️high-fat meats, soft drinks, alcohol, fast food