Thread by @Sampadananda

Welcome to the 10th session of #LearnSamskritam. In the last session I had mentioned about primary bases as अव्युत्पन्न avyutpanna and the secondary bases as व्युत्पन्न vyutpanna. Let me explain here what are these types of bases. 10/1

अव्युत्पन्न प्रातिपदिक avyutpanna prātipadika refers to the non-derived nominal bases like ख kha meaning 'space', बल bala meaning 'strength'. For the primary bases further split up is not possible. 10/2

व्युत्पन्न प्रातिपदिक vyutpanna prātipadika or a secondary nominal base refers to the derived nominal base. Depending upon the several ways of derivation secondary nominal bases are divided into three categories: कृदन्त kṛdanta, तद्धित taddhita, and समास samāsa. 10/3

1. कृदन्त kṛdanta refers to a nominal base derived from a verbal base. For example: the nominal base कर्तृ kartṛ meaninf 'a doer' is derived from the verbal base कृ kṛ meaning 'to do' by adding the suffix तृच् tṛc added in the sense of 'agent or ~er'. 10/4

2. तद्धित taddhita refers to a noun base derived from another noun base. For example: We get the word पाण्डव pāṇḍava from another nominal base पाण्डु pāṇḍu by adding a particular suffix in the sense of 'son of'. So पाण्डव pāṇḍava means 'a descendant of पाण्डु pāṇḍu. 10/5

3. समास samāsa refers to a noun base derived by combining two or more noun bases. For example: one can combine पीत pīta meaning 'yellow' with अम्बर ambara meaning 'cloth' to get a new noun base, पीताम्बर pītāmbara meaning 'yellow cloth or one wearing yellow cloth'. 10/6

In the same way a verbal base or dhātu is also of two types: the primary verbal base or non-derivative (अव्युत्पन्न धातु avyutpanna dhātu) and the secondary verbal base or derivative (व्युत्पन्न धातु vyutpanna dhātu). 10/7

1. अव्युत्पन्न धातु avyutpanna dhātu or non-derived verbal base. पठ् paṭh meaning 'to study or read', खेल् khel meaning 'to play', वद् vad meaning 'to speak' are few examples of the primary verbal base. Panini has given a list of approximately 2000 primary verbal bases. 10/8

2 व्युत्पन्न धातु vyutpanna dhātu or derived verbal base is of five different types: सनन्त sananta or desiderative, णिजन्त ṇijanta or causative, यङन्त yaṅanta or frequentative, यङ्लुगन्त yaṅluganta or a second type of frequentative and नामधातु
nāmadhātu or denominative.10/9

That's all for today and in the next session I will explain the various types of derived verbal bases with examples. Keep following for many more interesting sessions on #LearnSamskritam.