Thread by @Sampadananda

Welcome to the 15th session of #LearnSamskritam. We continue our discussion on the specialty of each root-group. In the previous session we had discussed about bhvādi and adādi gaṇa. In this session we will try to discuss about the specialties of the rest of the groups. 15/1

जुहोत्यादि juhotyādi (हु आदि गण hu ādi gaṇa)
In the roots of this group the infix शप् śap or अa gets changed to श्लु ślu which is basically zero, but it exercises its force of reduplication. So from the root hu ‘to offer’ we get (हुhu + हुhu + ति ti) जुहोति juhoti ‘offers’.15/2

दिवादि divādi (दिव् आदि गण div ādi gaṇa)
In the roots of this group the infix शप् śap or अ a changes to श्यन् śyanyaor य ya. So we get from the root दिव् div ‘to play or shine’ (दिव् div + य ya + ति ti) दिव्यति divyati ‘plays or shines’. 15/3

स्वादि svādi (सु आदि गण su ādi gaṇa)
In the roots of this group the शप् śap or अ a is replaced with स्नु snu or नु nu. So we get from the root सु su ‘to distil’ (सु su + नु nu + ति ti) सुनोति sunoti ‘distils’. 15/4

तुदादि tudādi (तुद् आदि tud ādi gaṇa)
The roots of this group take the infix श śa or अ a. So, as a result we get from the root तुद् tud ‘to strike’ (तुद्tud + अa + ति ti) तुदति tudati, ‘strikes’. 15/5

The difference between the infix शप् śap and श śa is that the in the case of the later the गुण guṇa and वृद्धि vṛddhi do not take place. So from लिख् likh ‘to write’ belonging to this group, we get लिखति likhati, not लेखतिlekhati. 15/6

रुधादि rudhādi (रुध् आदि गण rudh ādi gaṇa)
In this group शप् śap or अ a is replaced with स्नम् snam or न na. So from the root रुध् rudh ‘to stop’ we get (रुध् rudh + नna + ति ti) रुणध् ruṇadh + ति ti = रुणद्धि ruṇaddhi ‘stops’. 15/7

Here the infix na comes within the root not between the root and suffix.

तनादि tanādi (तन् आदि गण tan ādi gaṇa)
In the roots of this group the infix शप् śap or अ a is replaced with उ u. So, we get from the root तन् tan ‘to spread’ (तन् tan + उ u + ति ti) तनोति tanoti ‘spreads’. 15/8

क्र्यादि kryādi (क्री आदि गण krī ādi gaṇa)
The infix स्नाsnā or ना nā is replaced for शप् śap or अ a in the roots of this group. So, we get from the root क्री krī ‘to buy’ (क्री krī + ना nā + ति ti) क्रीणाति krīṇāti ‘buys’. 15/9

चुरादि curādi (चुर् आदि गण cur ādi gaṇa)
This group takes one more infix (णिच् ṇic oricइ i) along with शप् śap or अ a. णिच् ṇic oricइ i changes the root चुर् cur to चुरि curi ‘to steal’. So, we get चोरयति corayati (चुर् cur + इ i + अ a + ति ti) ‘steals’ from चुर् cur.15/10

That's all for today. In the next session I will take up discussion on the different tenses and moods in Sanskrit. 15/11
पुनर्दर्शनाय
punardarśanāya