@DavidNdii Facts about PhD courses & award of degrees in the world:

1. Being accepted as a student is not a walk in the park. Pre-interviews e.g. via email if you were applying to US/Canada determine if you will be admitted.
@DavidNdii 2. One of the pre-requisites is a high grade in a/ undergraduate research thesis. b/ Master's degree program
@DavidNdii c/. Availability of principal supervisor with

✅matching research area
✅funding
@DavidNdii d/ Availability of individual student's committee which comprises of principal supervisor + 3 other PhDs
@DavidNdii e/ High quality, articulate Phd research question in proposal format.
@DavidNdii f/ unequivocal endorsement by 1 or 2 supervisor of previous academic research
@DavidNdii 3. PhD candidates sit the most gruelling oral exams before a committee at the end of the first year. A huge chunk of already enrolled candidates are kicked out at this stage.
@DavidNdii Only the sharpest and most dedicated survive this stage.

If a candidate does NOT work on her thesis every day Jan 1 to Dec 31, one will likely be expelled from the course for staying too long or take years to complete.

No employment/child bearing/etc
@DavidNdii 4. One must publish peer reviewed papers.
@DavidNdii 5. One must attend conferences & discuss her own research.
@DavidNdii 6. Master's & PhDs theses are public property, & must be PUBLISHED on cyberspace & be accessible by anyone on the planet. Achieves 2 aims:

A/ Proves authenticity & originality of body of work.
Unequivocally discounts plagiarism.

B/Contributes to the body of knowledge.
@DavidNdii 7. One cannot graduate with a PhD without publishing peer reviewed papers.

Papers cannot be peer reviewed & published without huge amounts of research work.
@DavidNdii 8. One is not admitted to do PhD research until one's research is contributing new knowledge.
@DavidNdii 9. A hard copy of the PhD thesis is submitted to the Uni library as a condition to be awarded degree & must be accessible to anyone with permission to use the library.
@DavidNdii *peer reviewed* means [1] academics & researchers in the area of study thoroughly scrutinize one's research question, methodology & work done so far to determine if it is authentic & whether it meets standards. [2] work is published in reputable journals.
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