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65 years ago today, the UK entered into its first substantial contractual relationship with what has now become the European Union.

On 21 December 1954, the UK signed an Association Agreement with the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

A short thread
Negotiations on an association agreement between the UK and the ECSC had started in November 1952.

The outcome of two years' negotiations was an agreement comprising just 15 articles and one three-page annex.

aei.pitt.edu/10561/1/73639_…
@AndrewDuffEU has written briefly online about the agreement here: andrewduff.blogactiv.eu/2016/09/01/int…

And @CVCEeu have published some sources online. So too has the Archive of European Integration at @PittTweet
cvce.eu/en/recherche/u…

aei.pitt.edu/view/eusubject…
The Association Agreement was signed for the UK by Duncan Sandys, Minister of Housing and Local Government, and Winston Churchill’s son-in-law.

Also signing for the UK was HS Houldsworth, Chairman of the National Coal Board, and AF Forbes (Chairman of the Iron and Steel Board).
Signing for the ECSC was Jean Monnet, President of the High Authority, the forerunner of today’s European Commission as well as two senior High Authority officials… and representatives of the six ECSC member states.
The UK-ECSC Association Agreement was therefore a form of ‘mixed’ agreement and so had to be ratified by the UK and each of the ECSC member states.

Ratification took nine months

In the UK, the House of Commons debated the agreement on 21 February 1955

api.parliament.uk/historic-hansa…
The ECSC Common Assembly also took a view: aei.pitt.edu/63977/1/WD3058…

The agreement entered into force on 23 September 1955 and remained in place until the UK joined the European Communities on 1 January 1973.
Having the UK associated with the work of the ECSC had always been an objective of the Six.

The same was the case with the EEC and Euratom later in the 1950s.

Hence provisions on association were included in the Treaties of Rome with the UK in mind

ukandeu.ac.uk/research-paper…
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David Phinnemore
@DPhinnemore
If a post-Brexit UK-EU agreement is - as anticipated - a 'mixed' agreement it will need to be ratified by all EU member states before it can come fully into force.

A short thread
Ratification normally involves national parliaments, as @GuillaumeVdLoo discusses here: asser.nl/media/4164/cle…
For further insights into what is involved in each member state, the following, compiled with ratification of the EU's TTIP and CETA agreements in mind, is useful: ttip2016.eu/files/content/…
Read 10 tweets
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David Phinnemore
@DPhinnemore
Is the #Brexit #backstop anti-democratic?

A persistent argument against it is the claim that it makes Northern Ireland a voiceless "rule-taker".

Here's a mega-thread based on research with @hayward_katy taking a closer look at this issue.

1/25
Boris Johnson insists on calling the backstop ‘anti-democratic’ noting that there is no ‘sovereign’ means of exiting it and it applies to ‘large areas of single market legislation in Northern Ireland’ over which the people of NI have ‘no influence’

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/upl…

2/25
The DUP take a similar line.

Nigel Dodds has claimed that the backstop ‘would see laws made in Brussels impacting the economy of Northern Ireland with no-one in London or Belfast able to vote on them or even ask a question about them.

mydup.com/news/article/c…

3/25
Read 25 tweets
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David Phinnemore
@DPhinnemore
"The DUP insists that elected representatives from Northern Ireland must have a say over any new regulations introduced by the EU that would apply to the North after Brexit." - @denisstaunton

A quick reminder of what the Protocol on Ireland/NI says:
irishtimes.com/news/world/uk/…
Article 15(4) provides for the automatic application of 'amendments' or 'replacements' to those EU acts - 'a small fraction of EU Single Market rules' according to UK government - applicable to Northern Ireland and set out in the Annexes to the Protocol.
Where a 'new' EU act is concerned, the UK and the EU in the Joint Committee must agree to apply it to Northern Ireland.

How the UK determines its position is for the UK to decide.

Which brings us to the May government's 'commitments to Northern Ireland' in January 2019...
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Phillyℚ
@PhillyQ_
Today's Q Clock Map 11.11.19 Delta :44 - Anons Knew

You can expand the map here: magaimg.net/img/9jfs.jpg

@love4thegameAK @RedPilledNative @beldandolo @TrophyTruck_Q @freenaynow @AllllAbboaaardd @AutistMember @EyesOnQ @X16Son @suyingeorge @destinlola @534f57494c4f0a
How to use the Q Clock Map and Introduction to the Q Clock Video:
bitchute.com/video/9X1KTDDg…
Read 46 tweets
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Jacob Pomrenke
@buckweaver
100 years ago today, the Cincinnati @Reds clinched their first National League pennant by knocking off the Giants. That same day, the #WhiteSox arrived in New York for a series with the Yankees ... and a fateful meeting with gamblers. baseball-reference.com/boxes/CIN/CIN1… #BlackSox100
@Reds It was on this #WhiteSox road trip to NYC — 100 years ago this week — when Eddie Cicotte and Chick Gandil met with gamblers Sleepy Bill Burns and Billy Maharg at the Ansonia Hotel to fix the 1919 World Series. sabr.org/research/black… #BlackSox100
@Reds Weeks earlier, Eddie Cicotte had approached his old teammate, Sleepy Bill Burns, with the promise of "something good" if the #WhiteSox won the 1919 AL pennant. The Ansonia meeting is where the World Series fix started to become reality. sabr.org/research/black… #BlackSox100
Read 7 tweets
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Jeremy Duns
@JeremyDuns
Right, another thread on very dodgy non-fiction practices. A major British publisher has just come out with a translation of a book by a Spanish antisemitic conspiracy theorist, and has done so knowingly, because to cover it up they've removed passages about the Rothschilds.
No, I can't quite believe it, either, but there we are. About a decade ago, when my agent was trying to sell my first novel in the US, two publishers there were interested: one was Weinstein Books and one was Penguin. I chose the latter! It was Penguin, after all.
You can see my header on here is from the omnibus edition of my first three novels in the States, and there's that little logo on it. It's a logo that's meant a lot to me in my life, as a reader and a writer. That's a brand that means something to me. So what to do?
Read 17 tweets
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PamLeitterman
@pleitter
Coretta Scott King founded @TheKingCenter 50 years ago today! Its website is where I first became aquainted with #MLK's 6 Principles of Nonviolence. See King Philosophy under About tab at TheKingCenter.org . I review these + Mrs. King's words about freedom often. . . .
"Freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation. That is what we have not taught young people, or older ones for that matter. You do not finally win a state of freedom that is protected forever. It doesn't work that way."
- Coretta Scott
That would be a quote by Coretta Scott King.
Read 3 tweets
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Demola Olarewaju
@DemolaRewaju
Today actually makes it over two decades since the sad killing of Ken Saro-Wiwa by the Nigerian State under Abacha alongside 8 others: Felix Nuate, Baronem Kobel, Saturday Dobee, Daniel Gbooko, Nordu Eawu, Baribor Bera, Paul Levura and John Kpuinee.

I think it’s worth a Thread.
This thread captures history from various perspectives all blended together to reveal a fuller picture.

It shows that Saro-Wiwa was also human like any of us but he was exceptionally courageous and dogged in spite of his human flaws.
Saro-Wiwa was a diminutive man who invariably always smoked a pipe and was considered quite brilliant.

He wrote a popular play which was adapted for TV when we were younger “Basi and Company”.

He was from Ogoni - an oil-producing area in Rivers State which has several villages.
Read 50 tweets
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Armin Rosen
@ArminRosen
Today is the 10-year anniversary of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Columbia speech
And now for a long, tedious thread about Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's appearance at Columbia's World Leaders Forum, 10 years ago today
I have a few vivid recollections of the day—I was 3 or 4 rows from the front, sitting a seat back from a Tehran-based Iranian journalist...
Read 42 tweets

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