In this one, daily consumed beverages consisted of either pure fructose or sucrose for 7 weeks increased basal hepatic fatty acid synthesis comparably with the LDL particle distribution shifting towards smaller, more atherogenic particles.
Fructose- and sucrose- but not glucose-sweetened beverages promote hepatic de novo lipogenesis: A randomized controlled trial (open access)
a) There was a pure glucose group as well. An increased hepatic FA synthesis was not observed in this group.
b) Unexpectedly, fructose and sucrose increased basal hepatic FA synthesis comparably.
c) SSB consumption (with ad libitum meals) influenced absolute macronutrient intake (i.e. decreased fat and protein intake) but did not increase total energy intake.
d) Other features of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. fasting hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, peripheral/adipose tissue insulin resistance were not observed.
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A thread about protein-rich diets and body composition regulation.
Studies suggest that body weight loss and maintenance thereafter, on a relatively high-protein diet, appear to be greater under conditions of ad libitum energy intake than under conditions of isoenergetic diets.
Such diets contain a sufficient absolute amount of protein (usually in the neighbourhood of around 20–30% of total energy) and imply a required normal-protein intake in grams, while energy intake is decreased.
"we observed significant associations with insulin secretion. Notably, C-peptide based indices were positively, but insulin-based ones were negatively associated with LDL cholesterol. This was due to an association of LDL cholesterol with insulin clearance."
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with insulin secretion (open access)
In this one, youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had impaired metabolic flexibility, which was related to a defect in substrate utilization associated with reduced skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity.
Metabolic flexibility across the spectrum of glycemic regulation in youth (open access)
- "our youth with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes manifested impairment in metabolic flexibility, with lower oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal and less suppression of fat oxidation in response to hyperinsulinemia"
Ferritin may be associated with glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome even in people without hepatic steatosis or hepatic iron overload.
Hepatic steatosis and hepatic iron overload modify the association of iron markers with glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome (open access)
- "serum ferritin concentrations were associated with higher prevalence of IGM, T2DM and MetS as well as higher levels of fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, 2-h insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1c in the total population independent of inflammatory markers and hepatic enzymes...
In this one, animal-based food sources elicited greater anabolic responses than plant-based food sources, due to the simultaneous stimulation of whole-body protein synthesis and suppression of protein breakdown.
The magnitude of anabolic response was related to the EAA content.
Metabolic Evaluation of the Dietary Guidelines’ Ounce Equivalents of Protein Food Sources in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial (open access)
- "This finding is consistent with other studies indicating that an equivalent amount of EAA intake, regardless of source, induces similar anabolic responses...
A possibly negative aspect of higher protein intake is related to bone health and the possible increase in dietary acid load from it.
This is called the acid ash hypothesis.
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This holds that increased protein intake (and particularily sulfur-containing amino acids) leads to a higher dietary acid load, which is regulated by the release of alkalizing compounds derived from bone, resulting in bone resorption, osteoporosis and hypercalcuria.