Thread by @Doc_MD18

NMAT Review
Must Know: Biology Last Part [THREAD]

(Topics: Enzymes, Cell Transport, Cell Tonicity, Photosynthesis, Plant Physiology, Photoperiodism, Biomes, Ecological Succession, R/K Selection etc)

1.Enzymes
-hastens up the reaction by lowering the activation energy of a certain chemical process w/o using up itself in the catalysis; have high catalytic efficiency.
Inhibitors
-they inhibits the progression of a certain chemical reactions by increasing its activation energy

2.Lock & Key vs Induced Fit Model

3.Allosteric Site
-The place on an enzyme where a molecule that is not a substrate may bind, thus changing the shape of the enzyme and influencing its ability to be active.

4.Types of Inhibition

5.Cellular Transport 1/2

Active Transport
- requires the usage of energy (ATP).
i.e Na+ - K+ pump transport-3 molecules Na+ are expelled out to the extracellular environment in exchange for 2 K+ ions

6.Cellular Transport 2/2

Passive Transport
-does not require energy expenditure from the cell; moves materials across membrane using the concentration gradient.

7.Agglutination
-clumping of antigen-antibody complexes; occurs when incompatible blood types were mixed.

Coagulation
-process by which body prevents the loss of blood; aka blood clotting.

8.Blood Pigments 1/2

Hemoglobin
-contains iron and has four heme groups to which four oxygen atoms can bind; bright red in oxygenated and dull red in deoxygenated state.

Chlorocruoin
-contains iron and can bind up to four oxygen; green in both state.

9.Blood Pigments 2/2

Haemocyanin
-has two copper ions that combines with one oxygen atom; colorless when deoxygenated and light blue in oxygenated state.

Haemerythrin
-contains several atoms can carry one oxygen molecule; colorless when deoxygenated and purple when oxygenated

10.Cell Tonicity

Hypotonic solution
-low concentration of solute than of the cell; water moves in the cell.

Hypertonic solution
-high concentration of solute than of the cell; water moves out the cell.

Isotonic solution
-equal concentration; no net water movement.

11. Cell Tonicity

12.Photosynthesis
-process by which plants converts light energy into chemical energy.

13.Photosynthesis Main Phases

Light-Dependent Reaction
-synthesizes ATP & NADPH to serve as fuel in the Calvin Cycle

Calvin Cycle
-uses up CO2 converting it into RUBISCO and making glucose out of it

14.*Light Dependent Reaction occurs in the thylakoids while Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

15. Light vs Dark(Calvin Cycle) Reaction

16.Photosystem I & II

Note: Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I. Don't be mislead by its name.

17.Photosystem I & II 2/3

Note: Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I. Don't be mislead by its name.

18.Photosystem I & II 3/3

Note: Photosystem II comes before Photosystem I. Don't be mislead by its name.

19.Plant Hormones 1/2

20.Plant Hormones 2/2

A-Antagonistic
S-Synergistic

21.Reaction to Stimulus

Phototropism
-towards the light

Gravitropism
-w/ respect to gravity

Geotropism
-towards the soil

Hydrotropism
-towards the water

Thigmotropism
-light touch

Chemotropism
- w/ respect to certain chemicals

22.C3 vs C4 vs CAM Plants 1/2

23.C3 vs C4 vs CAM Plants 2/2

24.Plant Tissue System

25.Sclerenchyma vs Collenchyma vs Parenchyma

26.Photoperiodism 1/3

27.Photoperiodism 2/3

28.Photoperiodism 3/3

29.Terrestrial Biomes 1/3

30.Terrestrial Biomes 2/3

31.Terrestrial Biomes 3/3

32.Aquatic Biomes

33.Freshwater Biomes

34.Freshwater Biomes

35.Ecological Succession 1/2

36.Ecological Succession 2/2

37.Primary Succession

38.Secondary Succession

39.R vs K Selected Organisms 1/2

40.R vs K Selected Organisms 2/2

(Must Know: Biology Last Part, Last Tweet)

End of NMAT Biology Review Series
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