Let's look into this a bit...
Research has documented how this does not work: 1) khn.org/news/as-hospit…
2) jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
But high spending is an outgrowth of a few factors, including prices for labor and goods, Rx and DME, and admin:
jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/…
Nope:
advisory.com/daily-briefing…
Well, we don't spend much on social services (social determinants): well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/spe…
1) prices are illogical (healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hl…)
2) transparency doesn't work
3) utilization and "skin in the game" isn't going to solve this problem
4) scale isn't going to solve this problem
This issue does not start/end w/PBMs, they're just an example.