New from @jddwor Extent & drivers of gender imbalance in neuroscience reference lists tinyurl.com/yfw26jy2. w/ @Penn_SIVE, @perryzurn, Teich, Linn. Covering issues of bias, ethics, & social behavior vital to all fields grappling with their own visions of an equitable future. 
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn In this study, we examine the authors and reference lists of articles published in five top neuroscience journals since 1995: Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, Brain, NeuroImage, and Journal of Neuroscience.
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn Accounting for self-citations, & various potentially relevant characteristics of papers, we find that (1) Women-led papers (defined as those w/ women as first- and/or last- author) are undercited relative to that expected if gender was not a consideration in citation behavior;
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn (2) The undercitation of women-led papers is driven largely by the citation behavior of men-led teams; (3) Undercitation of women-led papers is increasing over time, particularly within the reference lists of men-led teams;
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn (4) Differences in the degree to which men-led and women-led teams undercite women are only partly explained by the structure of authors’ social networks; after accounting for social networks, women-led teams cite relatively equitably, while men-led teams still overcite men.
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn In light of our findings, we reason about various potential explanations, including explicit and implicit bias, underrepresentation of women in syllabi and conferences, and differences in researchers’ active consideration of gender issues.
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn Yet, regardless of the mechanisms that drive these imbalances, achieving greater awareness of existing (and persisting, and even increasing) imbalances in citation behavior is likely a critical step in heightening researchers’ willingness to address these issues.
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn We close with considerations of how individual researchers might incorporate these findings into their own referencing practices, and discuss the possibility of incorporating this topic into the NIH and NSF's responsible conduct of research training modules.
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn Our paper additionally includes a citation diversity statement following the acknowledgments.
@jddwor @Penn_SIVE @perryzurn This work seeks to contribute to, and ideally enhance, a broader conversation about fairness and justice in science.
