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While not often emphasized the first instance of economic globalization came into being after 1241 Mongol raid on Eastern Europe that devastated Russian principalities, Hungary, Serbia-Bosnia & Bulgaria but subsequently allowed & encouraged...

Genghis Khan
trade between China, Middle East & Europe. Marco Polo's remarkable journey was made possible by the Pax Mongolica that was reaching through tributaries from Baltic & Adriatic Sea to Sea of Japan & Indian Ocean.
Among the 1st Westerners to venture across the Mongol empire were the Franciscans tasked by the Pope to find "Prester John's country". They collected a wealth of info about Central Asia & China. most famous among them, Flemish William of Rubruck, got to W China in 1250s.
Genoese tradesmen supported them logistically but also availed of the trade opportunities & set up a great network of colonies connecting E & W.
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LicaV
@Iulian68
Banate of Lugoj & Caransebeș was a political territorial unit created after Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Mohacs in order to defend SW approach into Transylvania & direct successor of the Banate of Severin that had been an Hungarian frontier region since 1230s.
It's fighting force was formed by Vlachs (their 7 military districts), Serbians, Carashovans (1 military district) & Hungarians.

This Banate entered dual Ottoman & Transylvanian suzerainty in 1552 when Temesvar (Timișoara) was conquered by the former.
1524 also marks the fall & destruction of fortress of Severin after more than 400yrs of medieval existence.

A single tower was left which lead to the name of current city Turnu Severin that came into existence only in early 1800s.
Read 4 tweets
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LicaV
@Iulian68
Petru II Cercel (=earring) of Wallachia was the first Westerniser ruler in modern Orthodox world, a fore-bearer of Peter the Great of Russia. He was a descendant of the Drăculești clan, polyglot, writer & first to bring French culture to his country (en vogue only after 1820).
He was born in 1545, legitimate son of prince Pătrașcu the Good and boyaress Voica, a wealthy & beautiful widow before re-marrying Petru's father.

He was only 12yrs old when his father died and fled with his mother to Brașov when his father's rivals took power in Dec 1557.
By 1574 was in Vienna trying to get support for his claim to the throne of Wallachia & from there in Rome where he waited 1yr to see Pope Gregory XIII.
Read 11 tweets
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LicaV
@Iulian68
Dan II of Wallachia is one of the most overlooked figures in Romanian history. His deeds would make for a great novel.
He appears first in the records leading a contingent sent by his uncle Mircea I to assist Musa in taking Adrianople during the Ottoman civil war in 1411.
He reappears in Doukas' history in summer 1422 when defected from Ottoman camp sieging C-tinople & is entrusted by emperor Manuel II with a ship and few money to take the throne of Wallachia from Radu II who had been put in power by the Ottomans in 1420.
Dan II was the son of former voievod Dan I (1385-1386) & must have been at least 35yrs old at that point.

Dan then sails to Asprokastron(Cetatea Alba) then Moldavian territory where he is met by several Wallachian boyars & their retinues.
Read 26 tweets

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