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Crash course: I teach a paper called 'The Anthropology of Evil' at @Otago. It just got very real. This thread will unpack some ideas from the course in relation to the #ChristchurchTERRORISTattack. Questions, not answers. #anthropology #anthrotwitter #ChristchurchMosqueAttack [1]
When the world is shattered, human meaning-making kicks in fast. We try to 'locate' evil within existing worldviews, including theological, secular, and academic. We collectively ask what/who/where, & WHY?! This gives us the social resources to assign blame, prescribe action. [2]
What is 'evil'? An inherent quality of a person? Their intention/motivation? The action itself? The consequences of the action? Watch how the media and legal system frames this for #ChristchurchTerrorAttack. And what about a white supremacist who has never committed violence? [3]
What role can social scientists play in responding to the #christchurchtmosque attack? Should we be thoroughly analysing moral topics, whilst bracketing our own views (Fassin 2009), or formally taking sides, being politically engaged (Scheper-Hughes 1995) #anthrotwitter [4]
Does social science have a language appropriate to representing suffering? Is this thread itself unethical, in its stilted, theoretical removal from very real pain, grief, loss of the #ChristchurchMosqueShootings? How should we analyse atrocity without being reductive, cold? [5]
I've seen many posts arguing against learning the terrorists name and background because they don't want to 'humanize him'. It's easy to create a 'monstrous' other. Monster = not human. But he is a human. That's scarier to acknowledge. HE is us, as well as 'they' are [6]
The terrorist is described as 'evil'."'Evil' is part of the vocabulary of hatred, dismissal, or incomprehension" (Morton 2004). SHOULD we seek to understand the lives, worlds, & thinking of white supremacists? Are condemnation & understanding incompatible? [7] #anthropology
How are we fitting the story of the #christchurchmosqueattack into existing, familiar narratives? What is the risk? Yesterday a student & I bet that we would soon see references to mental illness - a common narrative for white male violent offenders. Came true within hours. [8]
What elements of news about the #christchurchmosqueattack have affected you most? I'm going to guess it's the images. Images are sometimes seen as a more authentic language for pain than words, but also function to 'frame' complex realities. Reflect on the ones you've shared [9]
Kleinman (1996) warns that mass media circulation of images means suffering can be "remade, thinned out, distorted". Susan Sontag saw photography as 'predatory'. Let's think about: who took the images and why? Who is sharing them, and why? Who is in them, and who isn't? [10]
Frosh (2016) discusses digital morality: the cursor as a proxy moral compass. What do we click on, or watch, & why? A sense of obligation to 'witness' tragedy? Empathetic hedonism? (Recuber 2016, also see: blogs.otago.ac.nz/inplural/wp-ad… ) What would it mean to NOT watch/view/click? [11]
Lots of discussion about what NOT to view (the manifesto, the livestream). Calls to give attention to victims, not perpetrator. We are exercising agency, within the 'attention economy' of social and mass #media. Capital-driven systems, but with room for resistance. [12]
What makes something or someone LOOK evil? How are particular features of particular bodies, coded as evil? Places and objects can also take on strong (through fluid) meanings, and emotions. What have mosques symbolised in NZ in the past? Now? What about the hijab? Guns? [13]
A typical terrorist tale involves a villain who has infiltrated a community, but is an outsider (Loseke 2016). Does the fact that the #christchurchmosqueattack terrorist was an Australian, change how NZ will address its own racism? Do we still get to be the 'goodies'? [14]
How does hate come to circulate around specific people, bodies, or identity markers? Sara Ahmed (2004) writes is not not just part of ‘extremism’ and crime, but is a “product of the ordinary” Hate crimes do not just involve visceral power, but broader structures of power [15]
'Banal' evil refers to everyday, complicit, thoughtless evil (not sadistic malice). Is racism in NZ like this? Is racism part of 'structural evil': the longstanding formal (legal/bureaucratic/political) systems that discriminate and harm through their normal functionality. [16]
It's through the cultivation of collective emotions that people come to FEEL, to BELIEVE in the imaginary social unit called the 'nation'. In NZ's past, who has been 'othered' to build a stronger sense of 'us'? What does it mean to now say 'they are us', & is it enough? [17]
There has been talk about lack of Muslim voices even in the mainstream media coverage of the #ChristchurchTerrorAttack. Testimony has a power not despite, but BECAUSE of subjective experience. When Muslims say they are shocked, broken, but not SURPRISED, are we listening? [18]
Silence can help diagnose power. We must pay attention to silences, gaps in narratives, forgetting, vagueness, or selective remembering, about our own history, including the many instances where white supremacists acted publicly in NZ before this bit.ly/2TIJ4Ti [19]
