[THREAD,1/9] Ocean heat content (0-2000m) data from IAP and NOAA/NCEI was just released, NO surprise, 2019 was the warmest year on record for global ocean. Not only that, the past 5/10 years are the warmest 5/10 years! [link.springer.com/article/10.100…] 
[2/9] OHC is one of the key measure of global warming. Human activities emit greenhouse gases (i.e. CO2) into the air, which taps more and more heat in the climate system. Ocean stores more than 90% of the global warming heat!
[3/9] A updated ocean energy budget from 0m to ocean bottom shows a total full-depth ocean warming of 370 ± 81 ZJ (~0.38 ± 0.08 W m^−2) from 1960 to 2019, with contributions of 41.0%, 21.5%, 28.6% and 8.9% from the 0–300, 300–700, 700–2000m, and below-2000m layers, respectively
[4/9] The heating was distributed throughout the world’s oceans, The Atlantic and Southern Ocean continued to show a larger warming compared to most of the other basins. Probably because they have strong mixing and subduction so more efficient for heat penetration downward.
[5/9] Zonal/Vertical sections of ocean temperature trend from 1960-2019, organized around Southern Ocean (80-60S meridional mean) at center. Contours are climatologies. Lots of infos of how/when heat was penetrated downward! Inspired by Schmitz1996 and Gruber2019 schematic.
[6/9] In situ ocean subsurface temperature observations have increased in spatial and temporal over time, and near global coverage (0-2000m) has been achieved since 2007 due to #Argo. Improved data quality and techniques have reduced uncertainties in OHC. Chapter-1#SROCC
[7/9] Ocean seems far away from many people but it is linked to everyone: the ocean covers 71% of the Earth surface and contains ~97% of the water on our planet. It is a key component of the climate system (together with atmosphere, land and cryosphere) that we depend on. #SROCC
[9/9] Ocean warming will continue even if the global mean surface temperature can be stabilized at or below 2°C (target of Paris Agreement) in the 21st century, due to ocean’s long-term commitment. Therefore, both mitigation and adaption are both needed!!
