Thread by @HistoryKE

#HistoryKeThread: The First State Funeral

At first light on 22nd August 1978, the Kenya Air Force flew into Nairobi the remains of Kenya’s first President, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta.

Mzee Kenyatta has died in the wee hours of that morning.

As news of Mzee’s death spread countrywide, the government started making plans for a state funeral. This meant that the military was going to be heavily involved.

But there was a problem.

Kenya’s military had no prior experience in conducting state funerals. And there was no blueprint for one.

Nonetheless, Kenya’s military commander Gen. Jackson Mulinge reached out to a senior military officer, Lt. Col. Daniel Opande.

Gen. Mulinge (pictured) was scheduled to meet then Vice President Moi. So he needed a brief from Opande on how the military would carry out a State Funeral for the late Mzee Kenyatta.

At the time, Opande was the Staff Officer responsible for ceremonial duties at Army Headquarters.

Opande consulted widely within senior ranks in the military. No one had any information on how State Funerals were conducted.

One military officer suggested that Opande contacts Maj. Joel Mumbo, Kenya’s military attaché in London. Later that day, Maj. Mumbo secured the Royal British Army guidelines on the conduct of State Funerals.

Lt. Col. Opande borrowed aspects of the guidelines, then prepared his brief and shared it with Gen. Mulinge and a Brigadier Kakenyi.

A team from Department of Defence, and of which Opande was part, was constituted to attend daily briefings and planning meetings with officials from Office Of The President and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, among others.

The military laid out precise details of each aspect of Mzee’s planned funeral, including timelines, what would happen at each point, resources required, et cetera.

At the same time, the joint civilian and military task force planned every detail of the funeral, including matters of protocol for visiting foreign dignitaries.

What was clear was that the military would take the lead role of the state funeral itself. For example, not only did the military provide pallbearers but it also took charge of crowd control duties, assisted by the Kenya Police.

Also, the military planned for Guards of Honour for all arriving Heads of State.

In his book, In Pursuit of a Peace in Africa: An Autobiography, which he wrote years after retiring from the military, Opande recalls that everything ran smoothly apart from one thing: the unexpected arrival of Uganda’s President Amin aboard one of two Ugandan military choppers.

Was the former Ugandan dictator acting paranoid?

Consider that the previous day (30th August 1978) Amin had notified Kenyan officials that he had landed in Naivasha, and was on his way to Nairobi.

There were frantic attempts by the military to contact protocol officials so Amin could be accorded a formal reception befitting a Head of State from Naivasha.

Retired Lt. Gen Opande (right) doesn’t say if Amin’s Naivasha arrival was a hoax, but it probably was because Amin showed up in Nairobi the next day, his delegation landing in two choppers. It is also not clear if the aviation authorities granted clearance to Amin’s choppers.

According to Opande, Amin “pulled a fast one on us” again when, on the morning of the funeral, instead of using protocol limousines accorded to his delegation, the Ugandan leader opted to walk from Hilton Hotel to....

....the funeral ground next to Parliament Buildings, drawing crowds of excited onlookers, and creating a security scare in the process.

Anyway, Mzee Kenyatta was on 31st August 1978 laid to rest with full military honors. This was Kenya’s first State Funeral featuring full military honors.

Image credits - The Standard Group.

had died*

After Mzee’s funeral, Lt. Col. Opande and Lt. Col. Kipsaita came up with a document that was adopted by the Ministry of Defence as the official Kenyan military guideline for State Funerals.