... (not) ending with the question how to actually communicate (long-term) the more serious (as in: dangerous) of our late #Anthropocene#CulturalHeritage.
Sometimes literally, like ... this one here we excavated in #Chalkolithic / Early #BronzeAge Tall Hujayrat al-Ghuzlan in #Jordan. - Still working after all these years, a timeless design. 😲😉
(More about this fascinating site, a centre of early copper metallurgy, e.g. here:
Of course it‘s #Archaeology31‘s *day 5* which is all about #door(s) - and 'cause it‘s a fascinating example, I‘m also adding this heavy #StoneDoor from the #Roman fortress of #QasrAzraq in #Jordan (once also the headquarter of some T. E. Lawrence ("of Arabia") operating there).
Here’s an illustration from the tomb of #Djehutihotep (#Egypt, 12th Dynasty) - showing how 172 men pull an alabaster statue (estimated 60 tons) of him. On a #sledge.
No aliens involved. 🤷🏻♂️
And the secret ingredient is ... no, not coffee. - Water.
Which evokes some thoughts on complex biographies of archaeological and historic sites - and the meaning of '#authenticity' (here in the course of a great earlier lecture and discussion by @stephenniem):
Memory & commemoration, in historic perspective, are dynamic processes: The practice of #DamnatioMemoriae, the "condemnation of memory" by exclusion from official accounts, may serve as an example.
The gap left, however, creates a memory itself.
"An archaeologist in #Alaska: how working with a #YupIk community transformed my view of #heritage"
Which is a great opportunity bringing up again this @SAPIENS_org-essay by M. F. Ugalde on hidden asymmetries in present gender relations - and insights ancient gender fluidity can add to the discussion:
Sometimes the most amazing traces of the past lie #hidden (as in #Archaeology31’s 14th prompt) right in front of us ...
If it weren‘t for the useful sign, #Ertebølle‘s famous #Køkkenmødding (or what‘s remaining of it) wouldn‘t be easy to spot nowadays.
It may not look very much impressing today, but imagine the insight gained here (and at related sites) into #Mesolithic northern-northern central Europe!
There is s noteworthy role of folklore and mythology in the formation of cultural identity - yet both are also more and more consumed and adopted in western popular culture ...
... which leads to the interesting question e.g. discussed in this @TheAtlantic article by @LisaLHannett: Who owns folklore tales?
The #IronAge#Glauberg stele depicts an outfitted #Celtic warrior (with shield & typical #LaTene sword) - showing some fascinated links to actual finds within the nearby #burial tumulus.
He still went to school when I first met Tarik at the excavation, now he works at the site‘s new visitor center ... when not carving T-Pillars (just like they used to do here 12k years ago 😉).
A very special #gift from a very special friend, fitting for today‘s #Archaeology31.
Of course it‘s almost impossible to resist bringing up a classic when #Archaeology31‘s 20th prompt is ... #gift. 🤷🏻♂️😉
#Archaology31, day 21: #reinterpret is a good reminder to constantly revisit and reconsider our interpretations - new data, new perspectives.
Also a good reason to once more bring up D. MacAulay‘s "Motel of the Mysteries" - which, very humorously, asks us to do exactly this. 😉
From lumps found among abattoir waste of Homo erectus in Tanzania or the 380,000 y/o 'crayons' from Terra Amata in France to Paleolithic burials featuring large amount of the pigment, there always seems to have been some fascination with ochre ...
Too many concepts of 'culture' to come up with a single comprehensive definition. Tried, but that diagram could be supplemented with ... literally everything. 🤔🤷🏻♂️
(Standing by putting 'genes' *there*, though. #sorrynotsorry)
Definitely bringing up @anarchaeologe’s excavations and research of a 1980 protest camp against a nuclear waste dump in Germany for today‘s #Archaeology31 on #protest (fascinatingly exploring the gap between material culture and oral / written sources in this thread):
"Indigenous peoples have suffered from historic injustices as a result of, i.a., their colonization and dispossession of their lands, territories and resources ..."
"Indigenous peoples have the right to full enjoyment (...) of all human rights and fundamental freedoms as recognized in the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law."
"Indigenous peoples and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and have the right to be free from any kind of discrimination, in the exercise of their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity."
@PlutoPittbull Comparing other material culture (stone vessels, more stone objects like e.g. shaft straighteners and plaquettes etc.) and typical iconography in the region: PPN.
Before we start with the tour, let's just have a look at this sculpture right over here: It's so-called #UrfaMan (from Yeni Mahalle / Yeni Yol) - one of the oldest examples of a life-sized human statue, dating back to the Pre-Pottery #Neolithic as well.
Starting with what still can be considered the only clear #female depiction at #GobekliTepe (which otherwise seems strongly dominated by a rather masculine iconography):
The (later?) carving of a woman on a stone slab found in one of the younger rectangular buildings there.
But ... what about those '#handbags' these Neo-Assyrian eagle-headed temple-protectors are carrying around all the time? 🤔
Despite what popular TV shows want to make you believe, we actually do have an idea about these things - thanks to actual written historic sources ...
This handbag .... it's a bucket!
Those eagle-guys are actually carrying around a bucket (Akkadian: "#banddudû") and, in the other hand, a purifier ("#mullilu"), pine or cone, to carry out specific rituals - we actually also know from historic texts.
"The #cone appears only when the figure in question carries a #bucket (...) The value of the cone must in some way be dependent on the value of the bucket."
(F. A. M. Wiggermann, Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The Ritual Texts, Groningen, 1992, p. 67.)
#GobekliTepe‘s monumental T-pillars are actually giant #anthropomorphic sculptures. Got to admit that in the beginning of my work there, more than 12 yrs ago, I found it quite ... challenging to recognize this likeness. Until we finally excavated the 'hands & loincloth' part ...
Of course #NevaliCori‘s pillars were already known for some time, complete with hands and stola-like garments. But their abstracted and stylised appearance (still impressively expressionistic to me, by the way) made it a bit of a challenge to easily accept their human shape.
Why am I telling all this? Because there is another find which early on helped me better seeing and understanding this human likeness. I am, of course, talking about the so-called #Kilisik-sculpture found near #Adiyaman in Turkey in the 1960s.