Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #fitfam
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This one in elite male soccer players finds that changes in muscle oxygen saturation rates coincide with inflections in blood lactate concentrations. 
- Monitoring muscle metabolic activity via blood lactate is a useful tool for understanding the physiological response to a given exercise intensity.
- The study tested the hypotheses that:
In this one, an intervention of 200 minute of walking per day was associated with profound effects on the metabolic profile of the participant, a reduced body weight, similar in magnitude to that seen after bariatric surgery, and increased fatty acid beta-oxidation.
- This was a feasibility study of a subject who performed an exercise intervention of low-intensity, non-fatiguing walking on a deskmill/treadmill for 200 minutes daily, approximately the average time a German spends watching television per day, for 6 days a week, for 4 weeks.
- Data suggested that walking can have a profound effect on the metabolism of a person – an effect that is visible both acutely as well as after 1.5 days.
The findings of this study suggest sport-specific cardiac adaptations.
- Prolonged QT dispersion derived from electrocardiograms has been used as an indicator of abnormal ventricular repolarization for several cardiac diseases.
- An increased QT dispersion has been documented in patients with arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.
In this one, a quadriceps-focused exercise program and a hip-focused exercise program provided equivalent effectiveness for improvements in symptoms and function in patients with patellofemoral pain.
- The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness equivalence between a focused ‘Quadriceps Exercise’ protocol and a focused ‘Hip Exercise’ protocol on symptoms and function in patients with patellofemoral pain.
- The exercise interventions lasted for 12 weeks with 3 weekly home-based exercise sessions consisting of three sets of 8–12 repetitions.
Interestingly, the findings of this one suggest that individuals who exercise are more susceptible to decompression sickness.
- When the ambient pressure and, thus, the pressure in the body’s tissues is markedly and rapidly reduced, decompression sickness can occur.
- Decompression sickness may develop in conjunction with diving, flying and extravehicular space activities (“space walks”).
This review tries to address the ideal duration and intensity of physical activity, and the types of exercise for optimizing lifelong cardiovascular health, longevity, and healthspan.
Summary:
- Physical fitness is the single best predictor of life expectancy and healthspan. Try to achieve and maintain a high level of physical fitness throughout life.
In this one, a high dose (2.5mg) of phenylcapsaicin was associated with a plausible ergogenic effect on strength performance, muscle damage and peripheral perceived exertion in comparison to a placebo and a lower dose of 0.625mg during resistance training.
- The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low dose (0.625 mg) and high dose (2.5mg) of phenylcapsaicin on full squat performance, active muscle and overall body ratings of perceived exertion, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, and 24-h recovery.
These assessments were approached under a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design.
This systematic review finds that the literature overall suggests that interval training sessions performed at high intensity should include long recovery periods, as the former are likely to lead to acute changes in running kinematics as a result of muscle fatigue.
- Interval training sessions with anaerobic and short aerobic intervals (e.g., 5 ×200 m or 6 ×800 m) were found likely to produce increases in stride frequency, ground contact time and in vertical oscillation at intensities above velocity associated to V'O2max...
...suggesting muscle fatigue.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that chronic exercise is likely to have a positive impact on markers of systemic inflammation in individuals with overweight/obesity and with or at risk of cardiometabolic diseases, as long as cardiorespiratory fitness is improved
- Results suggested that aerobic, resistance, and combined (aerobic + resistance) training programs are likely to be an effective strategy to alleviate the inflammatory status in individuals with overweight or obesity, even in those with concomitant cardiometabolic diseases.
- The effects appeared to be at least modulated by the extent of increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) with some impact of reducing body fat % on the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
In this one, higher sedentary time was found associated with adverse cardiac structural measures, while higher light physical activity was associated with better cardiac function in adolescents.
- This study examined the independent relationships of device-based measured sedentary time and physical activity in relation to cardiac structural and functional geometry among adolescents.
- Higher sedentary time was associated with higher left ventricular mass indexed for height, while higher moderate-to-physical activity was also paradoxically associated with higher left ventricular mass indexed for height.
The findings of this one suggest that strength athletes have distinct mitochondrial characteristics with decreased mitochondrial profile size, increased numeric density, increased cristae density and increased surface-to-volume ratio, providing an optimised mitochondrial network.
- Substantial mitochondrial structural remodelling appeared to exist in the skeletal muscle of chronically strength-trained athletes (elite power and Olympic weightlifters).
- Despite similar mitochondrial volumetric density, the mitochondria of strength athletes were characterised by smaller size, increased number of mitochondrial profiles, increased cristae density, and increased surface-to-volume ratio.
In this one, higher levels of physical activity were associated with measures that may suggest slower epigenetic ageing.
- Slower epigenetic ageing was related to higher energy expenditure, step counts and more time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities.
- "Our findings imply that all levels of physical activity may be effective for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, although moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities may yield the strongest benefits."
Interestingly, the findings of this one do not support the notion that muscle fiber type composition can explain the high variability in resistance training adaptations when training is performed to failure.
- Considerable inter-individual heterogeneity exists in the muscular adaptations to resistance training.
- It has been proposed that fast-twitch fibers are more sensitive to hypertrophic stimuli and thus that variation in muscle fiber type composition is a contributing factor to the magnitude of training response.
This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle myogenesis/regeneration and repair.
Keypoints:
- Mitochondrial dysfunction limits muscle regeneration.
This one found that well-trained midlife recreational cyclists are more likely to have lower levels of fat infiltration and greater muscle mass for the two main gluteal muscles, suggesting that regular exercise may help preserve muscle health during ageing.
- This study aimed to examine the benefits of cycling in terms of muscle health by comparing muscle health markers of two middle-aged men groups with different lifestyles:
...a group that has adopted cycling as their main recreational physical activity and a group of physically inactive subjects.
This one suggests that a small ventricle is a key factor that contributes to low midlife cardiorespiratory fitness in women, which may explain the predisposition of some women to functional impairment, exertional breathlessness, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
- In this study, in healthy women free of overt cardiovascular disease and a mean age of 51 years, ventricular size was found associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac reserve, suggesting that small ventricle is a key factor that contributes to low midlife CRF:
A strong positive relationship between ventricular size and cardiorespiratory fitness was observed.
How accurate is the Oura Ring in estimating energy expenditure?
It can identify major changes between activities and/or intensities but is less responsive to detailed deviations within activities, this study suggests.
It can identify major changes between activities and/or intensities but is less responsive to detailed deviations within activities, this study suggests.
- This study aimed to determine the validity of Oura Ring step-count and energy expenditure against indirect calorimetry in the laboratory and a free-living setting against accelerometers and a pedometer.
- Results from the laboratory indicated that the Oura can successfully identify major changes between various activities and/or intensities with acceptable measurement error overall, but is less responsive to detailed deviations within different activities and/or intensities.
This one provides further evidence to the notion that that muscle growth does not contribute to the increases in strength that occur after resistance training.
- Often the presence of muscle growth is used as evidence for its causal role in improving strength.
- However, the purported paradigm that muscle growth contributes to strength change became less clear with the emergence of low-load (or no external load) resistance training...
The findings of this one suggest that BDNF responses to low-intensity endurance exercise are mediated by increased circulating platelets, and increasing exercise duration, and to a greater extent, intensity, is required to liberate free, unbound BDNF in circulation.
- Intermittent fasting and exercise provide neuroprotection from age-related cognitive decline.
- A link between these two seemingly distinct stressors is their capability to steer the brain away from exclusively glucose metabolism.
This systematic review and meta-analysis comes to the conclusion that HIIT is likely to be more effective than moderate intensity training for improving left-ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure patients.
- HIIT was found likely to be more effective than moderate intensity training for improving peak VO2 and left-ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure patients.
- HIIT was found to be more effective than moderate intensity training for improving peak VO2 and left-ventricular ejection fraction in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction.
Here, objectively-measured moderate and vigorous physical activity were found to be associated with lower risk of affective disorders, including depression and anxiety.
- A higher level of physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders up to 500 min of moderate and 120 min of vigorous physical activity per week.
- At an equivalent amount of time, vigorous physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders than moderate physical activity.
Here, any intensity of physical activity was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, with higher MVPA being associated with reduced SBP, whereas higher LIPA being associated with decreased measures of adiposity, in individuals with coronary heart disease.
- 72 participants (predominantly males) with a mean age of 64 years were recruited to this 12-month observational study.
- Participants were included if they had stable CHD and were receiving optimal medical treatment ± revascularisation.
In 2020, 25.3% of US adults aged ≥18 years met the 2018 federal physical activity guidelines for both muscle-strengthening and aerobic physical activity.
The percentage meeting both guidelines was highest in adults living in large central metropolitan (28.0%) and large fringe metropolitan areas (27.6%)...
...followed by those living in medium and small metropolitan areas (23.4%) and lowest in those living in nonmetropolitan areas (18.1%).
Here, co-ingestion of cluster dextrin with meat protein hydrolysate did not augment postprandial amino acid availability or myofibrillar FSR as compared to co-ingestion of glucose during recovery from a whole-body resistance exercise despite increased intramuscular signaling.
- Cluster dextrin is a branched carbohydrate produced from waxy maize starch by the cyclization of a branching enzyme.
It has been shown to increase the rate of gastric emptying compared to glucose and standard dextrin due to a lower osmotic pressure.
