-assume audience is white
-tie whatever is happening to threats to YOU, the reader
-empower reader by implying the Trump administration will save them
-include very concrete calls to action for the reader (donate to build a wall, report on your neighbors)
-often blame an individual in the government or close to it (Tlaib, Cohen, etc.)
-position groups of people (generally NOT in the government) as the threat
-don't obviously assume much about the demographic of the reader
-don't clearly tie reporting to threats to the reader
-appeal to a collective sense of responsibility for society
-attempt to empower by promising the reader that they're not alone
-position government action as the threat
-don't generally name individuals as the enemy
-contain relatively abstract calls to action (donate to help us fight this)