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1731 AD
astronomical manuscript titled "Kitâb fî al-Falak" (on the knowledge of the stars) written in gao, mali
Mamma Haidara Library
#randomxt

gao was the capital of several west-african kingdoms starting in the 9th cent.
@alykhansatchu @JAJafri @SGOKIdehistorie @africaupdates @pinkykhoabane @ChristineQunta @HausaTranslator but it flourished mostly under songhai in the 16th century an understanding of the stars was essential for navigation through the desert and calculating the seasons
@alykhansatchu @JAJafri @SGOKIdehistorie @africaupdates @pinkykhoabane @ChristineQunta @HausaTranslator The Hidden Treasures of Timbuktu: Historic City of Islamic Africa
John O. Hunwick, Alida Jay Boye
books.google.fr/books/about/Th…
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isaac Samuel
@rhaplord
i mentioned soyo's decisive defeat of the portuguese army in my article on afro-european warfare and how it marked the end of portugal's ambitions in west-central africa for 200 yrs
what i did't mention was the ramification this small province's rise had on the rest of kongo
one of the effects was the unique position the soyo prince occupied in later kongo politics, the other was the shift of the capital from mbanza kongo to mbanza soyo among others

ICYMI

uncensoredopinion.co.za/on-afro-europe…
most of kogo's elite were literate and much of the 16th century history we know abt the kingdom comes from kongolese writers
later documents would then be lost after the civil war so they aren't included here

ICYMI on the history of writing in africa
uncensoredopinion.co.za/the-history-of…
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isaac Samuel
@rhaplord
the 19th cent. date is for inventory not manufacture

most of the akan jewellery in western museums was acquired after the war in 1874 when the british -after a series of losses a few decades earlier- had managed to defeat the asante and looted and ransacked the capital kumasi
as such the dates range from as far back as the 15th century to as recent as the late 19th century
those made after 1900s were accurately dated since it market the start of its colonial era
but the best range would be mid-18th to early 19th when the kingdom was at its height
The History of Loot and Stolen Art: from Antiquity until the Present Day
Ivan Lindsay
books.google.co.ug/books/about/Th…
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isaac Samuel
@rhaplord
akan jewellery, ghana

19th cent. gold rings
-one with an umbrella, stool and sword, the other with three umbrellas and two with animal motifs

-houston museum of fine arts

#randomxt
the asante were by then the only akan state on the gold coast controlling an empire covering
most of modern ghana and the ivory coast
such gold jewellery was made in the tributary state dagbon using the lost-wax method
the rings worn by both men and women, elites and commoners typically several at a time
akan gold-casting tradition originated from the "western sudan"
STUDIES IN AKAN GOLDWEIGHTS (1) THE ORIGIN OF THE GOLDWEIGHT SYSTEM
Timothy F. Garrard
jstor.org/stable/4140580…

Forests of Gold: Essays on the Akan and the Kingdom of Asante
Ivor Wilks
books.google.co.ug/books/about/Fo…
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Mohsen Goudarzi
@MohsenGT
In 909 AH (1503-4 CE), the Ottoman scholar Khayr al-Dīn al-ʿAṭūfī put the finishing touches on the massive catalog that he was preparing for the palace library of Sultan Bayezid II (r. 1481-1512).

What can we learn from it about Qur'an scholarship at that "post-classical" age?
TL;DR: Ottoman scholars were not avid fans of tradition-based exegesis (al-tafsīr bi-l-maʾthūr). They were mostly interested in analytical tafsīr, in particular those of al-Rāzī, al-Zamakhsharī, & al-Bayḍāwī. They were also busy reading & writing glosses (esp. on latter 2).
Longer version:

The list of tafsīr works has 2 halves. The 1st half (86 manuscripts) begins by copies of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī's Grand Commentary (al-Tafsir al-Kabir) & is then dedicated to the Kashshāf of al-Zamakhsharī, Anwār al-Tanzīl of al-Bayḍāwī, & glosses on these works.
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Omer Sayadi
@MENAsymbolism
Like announced, I'll start a thread on the symbolism of the (in)famous black & white banner in #Islam. This comprehensive thread will explore its historical origins and cover a list of its contemporary users from a neutral #academic point of view. Not for the faint of heart. 😄
As a political leader & head of a growing religious community, the #prophet Muḥammad used to fly a banner (liwāʾ) and a flag (rāya). The difference? According to the #dictionary, a banner is "a long piece of cloth" while a flag is "a piece of cloth that represents a group."
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[Thread on Khālid b. al-Walīd] @shahanSean opened up a very interesting discussion on Khālid b. al-Walīd as military commander (thank you!). Here are some of my thoughts. Sorry, but it will be very long!
I begin by stating the obvious: anyone hoping to discover an extensive overview of the Futuḥāt in a twitter thread will be sadly disappointed. At best, only a few examples can be looked at.
It’s true that the information available to us is not extensive. However, having little information on aspects of early Islam will not come as a surprise! There is, however, bits of information, which IS valuable. But first, what of the tone of the Futuḥāt?
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Resimli Hafıza📷
@ResimliHafiza
Şimdi size Türk Milleti'nin #30Ağustos'ta boğduğu bir kabusun baş mimarını, derin aklının bilinmeyen öyküsünü anlatacağım. İngilizleri Anadolu'ya süren, Panhelenizm'in hamisi, Osmanlı'yı çökerten bir Osmanlı'dan bahsedeceğim. Hazır mıyız?
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Olivier Guitta
@OlivierGuitta
#Russia-n mercenaries are now showing up everywhere in #Africa: one country in particular is the #CAR where Russians are also providing weapons. Also present in the #Niger Delta of #Nigeria actually helping the rebels that target the western oil companies. bit.ly/2KkU0OD
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Celal Eren Çelik
@yazparov
BİR EKONOMİK KRİZ "OPERASYONU":KOD ADI-AHTAPOT 2001/ FİNAL
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