1) Reading the history of the pre-Pakistani invasion situation in Jammu and Kashmir. The `demobilised' Poonchis who had served in the British Indian army [British Indian Army, mark you, not the J&K state army] served as the storm troopers of the Jihadi ideology of Pakistan.
2) These demobilised soldiers happily procured arms and ammo from Pakistan and proved to be the most rabid votaries of Jihadi ideology. They hardly required any encouragement to butcher their Hindu and Sikh neighbours, who had often fought along them in the same British army.
3) Pakistanis, much before the tribal invasion of Kashmir valley, had let loose these Poonchi thugs on Jammu. But they could not break the Jammu and Kashmir state army, despite support from Pakistan. Outgunned and outnumbered, Jammu and Kashmir state forces stood their ground.
4) The story of the Jammu and Kashmir state forces is at once inspiring and profoundly troubling. Anywhere between one third and three eighth of the Jammu and Kashmir state forces were Muslim. The bulk of these defected to the enemy, often after killing their own colleagues.
5) But the Gurkhas and Dogras held on in penny packets that were stretched thin from Poonch to Bhimber, successfully battling the twin enemies - treachery of their own Muslim colleagues and the enemy armed and inspired by Pakistan. `Poonchi revolt' got nowhere against them.
6) At this point, the Pakistanis decided to up the game. They invaded Jammu, not with the official army, but with irregular troops (tribesmen, demobilised soldiers and officers, etc) from Punjab. These had full Pakistani military equipment and were used to break J&K strongpoints.
7) Pakistani `irregulars' would cross the border, break strongholds like Sensa, Owen, etc with tanks and other regular army equipment [against which the J&K forces had little defence] and leave the butchery of the soldiers and refugees with them to the Poonchis and local Muslims.
8) Again, the most ghastly butchery of the Hindu soldiers and civilians [mostly refugees, as most local Hindus and Sikhs had already fled] was done, not by Pakistanis, but by `Poonchis' and local Muslims. Says something about the `secular armies' of the British Indian army, what?
