Some excellent research has been published over the past few years on #policing and #militarisation that, given the recent events in the #US (and beyond), and subsequent debates on policing, deserves to be curated. A thread on some relevant scholarship from around the world. 1/n
Let's begin with the #US, where @Peterkraska has guided much of the contemporary research on the militarisation of civilian policing. Here's an article by Kapeller & Kraska on normalising police militarisation (a response to Garth den Heyer’s critique) tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108… 2/n
den Heyer had challenged the works of Kraska and others who showed how policing was becoming more militarised in the #US. den Heyer argued instead that the establishment of SWAT/PPUs was ‘a natural progression’ in the evolution of American policing: tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108…) 3/n
More recently, @jonmummolo has shown how militarization in the #US neither enhances officer safety nor reduces crime, but instead militarised police tends to be deployed more often to African American areas, which adversely affects public perceptions: pnas.org/content/115/37…. 4/n
And if you’re interested in policing and technology, this article by Michael Salter looks at ‘weapons fetish’, military technology and the use of drones in the context of counterterrorism and police militarisation in the #US. #technology #drones link.springer.com/content/pdf/10…. 5/n
From #Brazil: @RoxyCavalcanti & Jeff Garmany have published on US interventions in Latin American politics through international police assistance, shedding light on int'l police assistance programs in the global South & police militarisation: crimejusticejournal.com/article/view/1…. 6/n
From #SouthAfrica: @guylamb shows how despite demilitarisation efforts in the 90s, South African Police Service remained a militarised organisation, largely bc of traditional/institutional reasons, but also due to persistent ‘war on crime’ discourse: tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108…. 7/n
From #Sudan, Ammar Ibrahim has explored how centralisation and militarisation have affected police structure, role and practice, establishing an authoritarian model of policing at the cost of a ‘professional’ one. journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.117…. 8/n
From #Pakistan, my research on the dual policing model in Karachi shows how the presence of a superior paramilitary force impacts civilian police. This may be relevant for those observing the co-deployment of police & military during ongoing protests. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…. 9/n
Also worth mentioning is the research of @AnthroHaley, who has studied state violence, repression and the militarisation of society in the #Kashmir valley in #India, where the paramilitarization of the police has become a systemic reality. tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…. 10/n
From #Turkey, Kivanc Atak studies police militarisation and the use of less-lethal weapons by Turkish national police for protest policing and coercive crowd control practices that were highlighted starkly during the Gezi Park protests in 2013. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108…. 11/n
From #Israel, Sergio Herzog (2001) takes a comparative look at the militarization and demilitarization processes in Israeli and American police forces, two distinct policing models: tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.108…. 12/n
Also from #Israel, Nadera Shalhoub looks at militarised racism within Israeli police and how it influences officers’ perceptions of abused Palestinian Israeli women – a minority. This speaks specifically to works on the politics behind police racism. tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.108…. 13/n
And in this study on the ‘Occupy #Israel’ movement, by Perri, Jonathan-Zamir & Weisburd, it is shown how paramilitary methods of policing have a negative impact on protesters’ trust in the police (a question many scholars will be exploring today): onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.111…. 14/n
And finally, from the #UK, a slightly older (1995) but still relevant discussion on the conceptualisation of paramilitary policing and ‘paramilitarism’ in British policing in the context of civil-military relations. By Professor Alice Hills: academic.oup.com/bjc/article-pd…. 15/n
This is not an exhaustive list but perhaps it calls for a review of police militarisation that stresses the importance of localised interpretations/critiques that conceptually unpack what appears to be a global phenomenon. Add your recommendations & keep this going. Thanks! 16/16
Also refer to the works referenced in this thread by @esdebruin on police militarisation👇🏾
Adding to the above a brilliant thread documenting the history of police militarization in the #US by @sabrinamkarim: #militarisation #policing
Another important addition to this list by @ZiyandaS_ on the racialised, gendered and classed policing of communities in #Brazil and #SouthAfrica and the history of police militarisation in both contexts: tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
Also linking here this fantastic thread by @hakeemjefferson on some of the literature focusing on the intersections of #race, #policing and criminal justice:
@hakeemjefferson Adding to this pool of scholarship from around the world, research on #police reforms (and why they don't stick) and police militarisation in #Liberia. Also some interesting works here on public perceptions of the police. Thanks, @sabrinamkarim for this!
This excellent article on the imperial origins of police militarisation in the #US is open access! #policing #sociology
Forgot to add this earlier. By @c_harig, the police-isation of the #Brazil military and the risk of deploying military soldiers for law enforcement. #UNpeacekeeping
