#Modernity/#Inequality: “one of the most significant pillars of historical #capitalism, institutional #racism. What we mean by racism has little to do with the xenophobia that existed in various prior historical #systems. Xenophobia was literally fear of the ‘stranger’. ... 
... #Racism within historical #capitalism had nothing to do with ‘strangers’. Quite the contrary. Racism was the mode by which various segments of the #work-force within the same economic structure were constrained to relate to each other. Racism was the ideological ...
... justification for the #hierarchization of the work-force and its highly unequal distributions of reward. What we mean by racism is that set of ideological statements combined with that set of continuing practices which have had the consequence of maintaining a high ...
... correlation of ethnicity and work-force allocation over time. The ideological statements have been in the form of allegations that genetic and/or long-lasting ‘cultural’ traits of various groups are the major cause of differential allocation to positions in the economic ...
... structures. However, the beliefs that certain groups were ‘superior’ to others in certain characteristics relevant to performance in the economic arena always came into being after, rather than before, the location of these groups in the work-force. #Racism has always ...
... been post hoc. It has been asserted that those who have been economically and politically oppressed are culturally ‘inferior’. If, for any reason, the locus in the economic #hierarchy changed, the locus in the social hierarchy tended to follow (with some lag, to be sure, ...
... since it always took a generation or two to eradicate the effect of previous socialization). #Racism has served as an overall #ideology justifying #inequality. But it has been much more. It has served to socialize groups into their own role in the economy. The attitudes ...
... inculcated (the prejudices, the overtly discriminatory behaviour in everyday life) served to establish the framework of appropriate and legitimate behaviour for oneself and for others in one’s own household and ethnic group. #Racism, just like #sexism, functioned as ...
... a self-suppressive #ideology, fashioning expectations and limiting them. #Racism was certainly not only self-suppressive; it was oppressive. It served to keep low-ranking groups in line, and utilize middle-ranking groups as the unpaid soldiers of the world #police system.”
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