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A few years ago, @HShin_Lab developed a new vaccine strategy called 'Prime & Pull' - T cells are pulled into target tissue with chemokines, as #HSV2 vaccine strategy. Now, @SmitaGopinath shows that topical aminoglycosides = potent 'Pull' agent 👇🏽(1/n)

jimmunol.org/content/early/…
This finding follows @SmitaGopinath's earlier work that aminoglycoside antibiotics applied to the genital mucosa induces potent interferon-stimulated genes including CXCL10. Effector CD8 T cell expressing CXCR3 are recruited to the tissue. (2/n)

nature.com/articles/s4156…
Single application aminoglycoside antibiotics are advantageous over recombinant chemokines because they are 1) approved for human use, 2) cheap, 3) effective. #HSV2 #vaccine

Prime & Pull also is very effective when used therapeutically @peowenlu. (3/n)

nature.com/articles/s4154…
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Prof. Akiko Iwasaki
@VirusesImmunity
This is a cautionary tale of how anti-Spike antibody may make COVID disease worse. In this study, the authors show that anti-Spike IgG made SARS-CoV disease worse by switching macrophage from wound-healing to proinflammatory phenotype. A thread (1/n)

insight.jci.org/articles/view/…
When rhesus macaques were immunized with SARS-Spike MVA vaccine, high titers of neutralizing Ab (NAb) generated correlated with severe diffuse alveolar damage NOT protection upon i.n. challenge with SARS-CoV, despite reducing viral load. Loss of disease tolerance by S-IgG. (2/n)
Next, rhesus macaques injected with low or high dose of anti-Spike-IgG (passive transfer) and challenged with SARS developed worse disease. Thus, S-IgG alone can lead to SARS disease exacerbation. (3/n)
Read 8 tweets
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Prof. Akiko Iwasaki
@VirusesImmunity
There is a lot of talk about #herdimmunity. Vaccination is the only safe way to achieve it. In the absence of vaccine, we need to practice #SocialDistancing. @BioRender made this amazing infographic to explain how a hypothetical virus spreads through the population. (1/n)
Herd immunity describes indirect protection from infectious disease when a large % of people in a population is immune to the pathogen. The % threshold of immune individuals required for #herdImmunity depends on how contagious (R0) the pathogen is. (2/n)

pbs.org/wgbh/nova/arti…
#herdimmunity can be achieved either through vaccination or through natural infection. However, vaccination is the only safe way to achieve it. It also depends on how effective & long lasting immune response induced by the vaccine or infection to confer #herdimmunity. (3/n)
Read 7 tweets
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Prof. Akiko Iwasaki
@VirusesImmunity
Let's dispel the notion that "novel coronavirus is just like the flu". Sharing this striking comparison of #Flu, #COVID19, #SARS and #MERS made by @BioRender.

#COVID19 is 30x more deadly and almost 2x more contagious than the flu. We have no existing immunity to COVID19.
Source data:
who.int/docs/default-s…
who.int/dg/speeches/de…
eurosurveillance.org/content/10.280… ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
who.int/emergencies/me… ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
cdc.gov/coronavirus/me…
Source data continued:
who.int/csr/sars/en/WH…
uptodate.com/contents/sever…
cdc.gov/sars/surveilla…
uptodate.com/contents/sever…
cdc.gov/flu/about/burd…
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Alexa O'Brien
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US #opening #argument CIA officers exposed, years of work at a cost of millions of dollars lost; US cyber weapons available for any to use against US. [20200204]
#Schulte is on trial for leaking CIA cyber weapons to WikiLeaks. US #opening #argument says his motive: disgruntled, started #information #war against CIA even in pretrial confinement (referencing attempted leaking class info to #WikiLeaks and disinfo campaign). 20200204 #day1
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Clara Jeffery
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1/ I have other personal resolutions but my big ecological resolution is to get solar panels and get the house and car completely electric. Starting this thread to bring people along the decisions and solicit advice along the way.
2/ last year my resolution was to turn tiny backyard into bird/critter habitat, cut way back on plastic, and get to 100% commuting by walking or mass transit. Did pretty well on all those so this is next.
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Botin Kurdistani
@kurdistannews24
#leaked
Here is the list of 76 #ISIS fighters & commanders who are working With Turkish army right now in the war against #Kurds in north #Syria .first section of the list includes the names of ALL ISIS terrorists
#ISIL #DAESH #IslamicState #داعش

yeniyasamgazetesi.info/iste-smo-iceri…
2/ #Leaked
#ISIS Intel has returned to Tal Abyad in N #Syria working with Turkish Army & appeared on Turkish state TV propaganda shown as freedom fighter who misses his home town with tears on his eyes
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hawarnews.com/ar/haber/d8a7d…
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@ILRaiseYourHand
At #cpsboard. #SorJuana out in force- rented a bus to save classical program.
Some unusual things happening: 1) Table for Aspen Parent Portal sign up w/ helpers; 2) Table w/ translation equipment; 3) speakers not allowed into board room yet.
In boardroom b/c we have 2 speakers. Lots of open seats here. #cpsboard Looks like lots of Honoring Excellence as well- #cpsuccess!
Pres Clark explaining that the Spanish translation provided today is part of pilot program. They’ve heard feedback that they need to do this. Welcomes feedback. #cpsboard
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