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Thread/ As one of the biggest regional escalations in the history of the #Syria war unfolds, here are a few thoughts on the Turkish-Russian/Syrian triangle of fighting in #Idlib – who will back down
1/Evidently #Russia has many limitations and concerns when it comes to an armed confrontation with #Turkey, something which has become increasingly apparent with its decisions in Syria, it does not want to enter a direct war with Turkey
2/#Russia has always proceeded with caution with its regional competitors or partners in #Syria, be that NATO, Turkey, or even Israel, it prefers to take a neutral or passive stance, for example the Syrian S300’s have not been activated and use of them is clearly not allowed.
3/Russian jets have barely seen the skies in Syria since the deadly strikes on Turkish troops, so #Russia is unwilling to engage #Turkey directly, Lavrov stated that “as soon as Russians found out (strikes), it requested gov forces to stop offensive to provide a safe evacuation”
4/The Turkish military through artillery and precise drones have been targeting with much success hundreds of Syrian positions, amour, & installations since the Turkish backed recapture of Saraqib which has heavily damaged the SAA (pro-government media has been coy on casualties)
5/ Turkey has done more harm to the Syrian army in days than whole areas & sectors did in years of fighting, the Syrian military has shown a complete lack of ability to deal with Turkish drones, videos of Turkish-inflicted carnage caused some criticism towards the Russians.
6/ For SAA it has been loss after loss with regards to men and equipment since #Turkey began hitting positions & amour, which tells us why advances have been so slow in certain areas &casualties high. Turkish drones have been over Idlib like hornets over the last few days
7/ Images of captured Syrian amour also show the rare use of camouflage, suggesting measures have been taken to decrease vulnerability to drone strikes, meaning they have been getting targeted for a while now, and the Russians have been able to provide no assistance or reprieve .
8/ There still is time for #Russia to re-assert its dominance, but even then, no real desire exists to enter a long-drawn-out proxy confrontation with #Turkey in #Idlib, Russia’s main interests in #Syria have been secured.
9/ #Russia supports the Syrian army with air strikes, but in return it has no willingness to do anything else, its economic interests are secured (taking over Syrian gas & phosphates. ect), it wants to reap the benefits of its intervention not get drawn into to a regional war.
10/ For Russia the lack of defensive assistance to the SAA and the lack of Russian jets over #Idlib suggest one main theme, #Russia wanted #Turkey to respond and get it over with, and then act depending on how bad the situation was.
11/ For the Syrian army, the situation was catastrophic, and the large losses in manpower and equipment have not only added up, but have paralyzed the Syrian army around #Idlib, meaning a well-planned militant offensive could reverse most SAA gains this month.
12/ Whilst its difficult to provide estimations, perhaps SAA casualties have averaged around 50 a day since #Turkey began using armed drones, fighting on the front-lines included. The equipment losses have been considerable, but conspicuously easier to replace.
13/ #Turkey has been striking areas away from #Idlib, sfira defense factories in #Aleppo were targeted and Nairab/Kwaires air-bases were reportedly struck . If Turkey continues volume of attacks, SAA will not be able to fend of any ground attacks without serious Russian air-power
14/There is still some controversy over who conducted the strikes which killed 34 Turkish soldiers in #Idlib, Turkish gov refraining from any blame on #Russia for the incidence. So Turkey does have the Russian deterrent in Idlib if it pushes too far, but how far is too far now?
15/ The attack on Turkish forces happened at night, and Syrian warplanes lack effective night-time capabilities, its air force rarely operates in the evening.
16/NATO & U.S government have decided to back Turkey, at least politically and Erdogan has held an intransigent stance on #Idlib, so who will back down? Turkey cannot afford to, but Russia may have allowed Syrian forces to be smashed to pieces by drones as a way to appease Turkey
17/ There has been a rising anti-Russian tone since #Turkey began its drone strikes. #Syria also faces an air-defense problem, whatever acceptable defenses it has are based in the south, its defenses in north are isolated, small in number, ineffective and susceptible to jamming.
18/ Whilst the strikes which killed two dozen Turkish soldiers are highly significant and represent an escalation of the type we haven’t seen before, the Turkish response has been deadly for SAA, perhaps ending any further serious Idlib offensive in the immediate future.
19/ Whilst the Syrian army may wait and take stock of its losses, #Turkey cannot overreach itself without butting heads with #Russia at some point, all it takes is for one Russian soldier to be targeted and the stakes change all over again.
20/ Lets remember that while Turkish forces were being bombed by the Russians in #Idlib earlier this month, joint Turkish and Russian patrols were taking place elsewhere in #Syria, so it’s a complicated situation.
21/ It is important to remember that #Turkey still has several observation points within government-held areas which are surrounded and under a direct line of fire, since the inception of the #Idlib offensive none of them has come under a large-scale attack.
22/ These observation posts are dotted all around #Idlib with some as far back as #Morek in northern #Hama, #Turkey still manages to supply these posts by going into government areas under Russian supervision to resupply them.
23/ Syrian sources have told me that the Russians request that the roads are left clear by SAA for the convoys going into the posts, and that they are left unhindered by Syrian forces, much to some Syrian annoyance.
24/ Despite Turkey’s lack of acknowledgment of Russian actions against its forces, Russia has stuck Turkish positions & killed Turkish soldiers on numerous occasions In the Idlib offensive, sometimes it is covered as Syrian artillery strikes or passed off for Syrian air-strikes.
25/ But Russian jets have been known to be shelling areas where Turkish forces were located and had jets actively targeting the location on most occasions that Turkish troops were killed.
26/ Turkey has also gradually introduced MANPADS into the fight, it downed two Syrian helicopters and during the day of the 27th February, Russian jets barely escaped Turkish MANPADS on three separate occasions, another example of Turkey wanting to up the ante.
27/ Turkish strikes In Idlib have added another dimension to this escalation by killing members of Hezbollah and Iranian-backed groups, the Iranian “Centre in #Syria” issued a clear threat, stating that “We are able to take revenge but did not on the orders of our leadership”
28/ The Iranians also noted that the surrounded Turkish observation posts were under the line of fire of their forces and that it could be a target in the future, perhaps a ploy to ward of any further Turkish attacks on their positions.
29/ Given the fact that the Iranian backed forces have been scarcely fighting on the front-lines in #Idlib, it is plausible that further Turkish strikes on installations in Aleppo or Hama could have more chance of killing Iranian backed forces.
30/ So all in all, the fighting will continue for the time being before #Russia and #Turkey broker a deal, but for now any serious continuation of the SAA offensive in #Idlib is postponed.
31/ Turkish drone downed by Syrian forces in #Idlib, the first time that has happened for over a week, has Russia provided some A/D assistance or advice.
32/ Two Syrian warplanes were seemingly targeted and shot down by #Turkey, pilots managed to eject and parachute to safety.
33/ The arguments made by @MSuchkov_ALM show the balancing act #Moscow must do when dealing with #Turkey in pursuing a longer-term gain rather than a quick fix
34/ #Turkey is clearly more emboldened now than ever, and is willingly using F-16's to engage Syrian jets but within the Turkish borders, two warplanes shot down simultaneously must be a record in the #Syria conflict.
35/ Syrian air-defenses seem to have been boosted in the north, so we could see a rise in Turkish drones being downed as one was earlier today, #Syria noted that any aircraft in #Idlib is hostile and a target.
36/ Important, Iranian threats to retaliate against #Turkey came from 'Iranian advisory centre' something we/I haven't heard of before, proves Iranian backed groups have a presence & part of the forces surrounding Turkish observation posts

@HamidRezaAz

37/ Russian jets have been far more active around #Idlib since Erdogan's deadline for SAA to withdraw ended, regular sorties today.
38/ Syrian air-defenses have also been more active in northern #Syria today, engaging with targets (Turkish Drones) in #Hama in addition to shooting one down earlier today.
39/ Turkish drone strikes on Syrian armoured vehicles have continued with deadly efficiency.

40/ The momentum in this escalation is now clearly with #Turkey, how long does #Russia stand by before it starts to look weak, Turkey now has a strong position with regards to a deal/agreement/ceasefire
41/ #Russia wants to end this favourably, but in order to do that now, it's going to have to take some actions and measures on the ground to save face.
42/ If the volume and lethality of Turkish attacks continue, #Russia will effectively be cornered into taking some action or settling on a quick deal, also the sustainability of these Turkish attacks are also important, can they keep up this intensity and agression.
43/ Importantly the Russian MOD just announced that it "cannot guarantee the safety of Turkish aircraft flying over northern #Syria after Damascus closed the airspace over Idlib". This seems like the first 'veiled' threat to #Turkey in days
44/ Over the last 24 hours Russian air-force has been far more active and forceful, paving the way for a successful SAA offensive in Saraqib, its jets have been constantly active since Turkeys deadline ended.
45/ Kafr-Nubl is also close to being captured by Turkish-backed factions
46/ Retaking of #Sarqib was a Syrian military/Russian priority, all other gains on the M5 highway are useless without it, but this doesnt mean it's war for Saraqib over, the city will likely see more fighting in days to come and the rebels/Turkey wont give up on it. #Strategic
47/ #Russia has just changed the whole game by deploying military police in #Saraqib
48/ The deployment of official Russian military police in the strategic city of Saraqib can be viewed as #Russia trying to secure a key negotiating card before Erdogans meeting with Putin, that city is crucial in some many ways now.
49/ These points will all be on the agenda, and other limited military victories will be sought in the meanwhile, but holding existing territory is now crucial for both sides

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